State Pension

Last updated: 07 Oct 2026

How much is the State Pension?

The State Pension system was reformed from 6 April 2016. People reaching State Pension Age after that date qualified for a new, flat-rate pension benefit.

From April 2024, the full rate of the new State Pension is £221.20 per week.

The amount of State Pension you get depends on your National Insurance record.

You get a qualifying year towards the State Pension if:

  • You are employed and earning over £123 per week from one employer
  • You are self-employed and paying Class 2 National Insurance (£3.45 per week)
  • You are paying voluntary Class 3 National Insurance (£17.45 per week)
  • You are eligible for National Insurance credits (eg claiming Child Benefit for a child under 12, get Carer’s Allowance, get Employment and Support Allowance)

A minimum of 10 qualifying years are usually needed to qualify for any State Pension.

You need 35 qualifying years to get the full new State Pension (further National Insurance contributions or credits beyond 35 qualifying years do not result in any additional benefit).

Anyone with between 10 and 35 qualifying years will receive a pro rata amount of State Pension (eg someone with 20 qualifying years would receive 20/35ths of the full rate of State Pension).

The system that applied before 6 April 2016 determines the State Pension benefits payable to people who reached State Pension Age before then but can also affect the amount of benefit that people with qualifying years under the old system might be eligible for now.

You can check your own State Pension forecast using this link:

Check your State Pension forecast – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

If you are forecast to get less than the full rate of the new State Pension, then you can consider whether it is worthwhile to pay voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contributions to boost your entitlement.

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At what age will you receive the State Pension?

State Pension is payable from State Pension Age. This is currently 66. It is set to increase to 67 between April 2026 and April 2028 and that timetable was recently confirmed by government. It is set to increase to 68 between April 2044 and April 2046, but that timetable could change.

You can check your own State Pension Age under the current legislation using the calculator available from:

Check your State Pension page – GOV>UK (www.gov.uk)

State Pension Age is subject to regular review and will probably change in the future (though you should expect to get at least 10 years’ notice of any change).

An explanation of how your State Pension Age might be affected by the latest review is available here:

Could you be affected by the decision not to change State Pension Age? | Prospect

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Claiming the State Pension

Unlike workplace or personal pensions, there is no option to draw the State Pension early. This means State Pension Age can determine when some people are able to retire (if they cannot afford to retire until their State Pension becomes payable).

You will not get your State Pension automatically, you have to claim it. You can do this online through the following link:

The new State Pension: How to claim – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

If you do not claim your State Pension at State Pension Age, it will be deferred until you claim it a later date. Deferring your State Pension could increase how much you get.

Once in payment, the State Pension will be increased over time. The rules governing increases can get be quite complicated.

In general, the new State Pension (and the Basic State Pension in the old system) must be increased by at least average earnings.

Current policy is for a “triple lock” (increase by the greatest of price inflation, earnings growth or 2.5%) to apply to these pension benefits.

Other elements of State Pension (eg increases from deferring State Pension or the Additional State Pension in the old system) must be increased by at least price inflation.

More information on the rules that apply to the annual increases for different elements of the State Pension are covered in more detail in Calculating the Annual State Pension increase.

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Calculating the Annual State Pension increase

This section explains the current mechanism for deciding how much the State Pension will increase by each year including the triple lock

The rules and policies related to increasing different elements of the State Pension are the subject of much comment and debate, but also very complicated and often misunderstood.

There are many different elements of the State Pension and the increases that apply varies between them.

For people who reached State Pension Age after April 2016, there is the new State Pension but there can also be additions to that in respect of protected additional entitlement under the old system or in relation to deferring drawing this pension benefit until after State Pension Age.

For people who reached State Pension Age before April 2016, there is the Basic State Pension and the Additional State Pension as well as increases in relation to deferring State Pension and interactions with private pension schemes.

What is the triple lock?

The triple lock is a high-profile policy that is meant to protect the incomes of pensioners. It is called the triple lock because it provides for an increase that is the greatest of three elements:

  • price inflation (measured by CPI)
  • average earnings growth
  • 2.5%

However, there are a couple of issues with the triple lock.

The first is that it only applies to the new State Pension and the Basic State Pension.

The second is that there is no statutory basis for the triple lock. It is a political commitment usually made in a party’s general election manifesto that applies for the duration of the subsequent Parliament. This means that the triple lock can be dropped without making any legislative changes.

The earnings leg of the triple lock was also dropped in 2022-23 due to issues with the calculation of average earnings growth being distorted by furlough schemes during lockdown.

In April 2024, the new State Pension increased by 8.5% to £221.20 per week.

In the autumn budget on 30 October 2024, the government confirmed the State Pension (for those people who reached state pension age after 2016) will increase to £230.30 per week in April 2025.

This latest rise will take the maximum annual state pension entitlement to £11,975.

The statutory requirement for increasing the State Pension

The statutory requirement for increasing the new State Pension and the Basic State Pension is for them to increase at least in line with earnings and this would be the current default if the triple lock policy was not continued.

The statutory requirement for increasing other elements of the State Pension is for them to increase in line with price inflation (as measured by CPI).

Some people who reached State Pension Age before April 2016 might get additional increases as part of the increase to the private pension that can be payable by the Department of Work and Pensions along with their State Pension.

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Deferring State Pension

Is it ever worth deferring the State Pension and how much extra income might you receive if you do so?

What does deferring the State Pension mean?

You do not get your State Pension automatically, you have to claim it. If you do not claim it at State Pension Age, it is deferred.

Under the new State Pension rules your entitlement will increase if you defer for at least 9 weeks. The rate of increase is 1% for every 9 weeks you defer (equivalent to 5.8% for every 52 weeks).

You will not receive any increase from deferring your State Pension if you are receiving certain benefits (eg pension credit, carer’s allowance, employment support allowance).

You will also not receive any increase from deferring your State Pension if your partner is receiving certain means-tested benefits (eg income support, pension credit, universal credit).

Any additional State Pension you receive will affect entitlement to means-tested benefits such as pension credit.

If you have deferred your State Pension, then you will not receive the Winter Fuel Payment automatically so you will have to remember to claim this.

You can opt to defer your State Pension even after you have started receiving it (if, for example, you have returned to the workplace for a time). But you can only do this once.

Should you defer taking your State Pension?

Deferring State Pension is essentially choosing to give up income at State Pension Age for a period of time, in return for a small increase in income from then for the rest of your life.

So, someone could give up the full rate of new State Pension (£203.85 ) from State Pension Age for 9 weeks (=£1,834.65 ) in return for an extra £2.04 per week for the rest of their life.

Whether they benefit from this option or not will obviously depend on an unknown factor – how long they will live.
Someone in poor health or otherwise with lower life expectancy than average will be less likely to benefit from this option, someone who lives longer than average will probably benefit.

The terms of the option (increase of 1% for every 9 weeks deferred) generally reflect current expectations of life expectancy, so that it is expected to be broadly neutral on average.

A factor that can increase the option’s attractiveness, is if you are still working at State Pension Age and will drop to a lower tax band in the future. In these circumstances, you can reduce your lifetime tax bill by deferring and consequently increase the likelihood of benefitting overall.

As noted above, deferring State Pension can impact on your eligibility for means-tested benefits such as the Pension Credit and, if applicable, this could make the option particularly unattractive.

Because there is no increase if the State Pension is deferred for less than 9 weeks, it obviously makes sense to defer for at least this length of time if not drawing it at State Pension Age.

Also, because the increase from deferring is only uprated in line with prices (and not the triple lock), it can be beneficial to wait until the start of the next financial year rather than drawing the State Pension towards the end of a financial year.

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The State Pension before 6 April 2016

Many people will have reached State Pension Age or have qualifying years before 6 April 2016. This section explains the state pension provision that existed at that time.

The Basic State Pension and the Additional State Pension

The system that applied before 6 April 2016 mainly consisted of two state pensions: the Basic State Pension and the Additional State Pension.

The Basic State Pension is similar to the new State Pension, it is a flat-rate pension benefit (subject to different rules).

The current full rate of Basic State Pension is £169.50 per week. This will increase in April 2025 to £176.45 per week.

This increase of £361 per year was announced in the budget on 30 October 2024.

The Additional State Pension mainly refers to two earnings-related pension benefits that applied between 1978 and 2002 (SERPS) and between 2002 and 2016 (the State Second Pension).

These were paid in addition to the Basic State Pension. Together, the Basic State Pension and the Additional State Pension were more generous, on average, than the new State Pension.

If you reached State Pension Age before 6 April 2016, then you will have qualified for Basic State Pension and Additional State Pension in line with the rules for those benefits.

Qualifying years before 6 April 2016

If you reached State Pension Age after 6 April 2016, but had qualifying years before that date, then this could potentially impact your entitlement under the new system:

  • You could be entitled to more
    If you were entitled to more Basic State Pension and Additional State Pension on 6 April 2016 than the full rate of new State Pension, then this extra amount will be protected and paid in addition to the new State Pension.
  • Or you could be entitled to less
    Under the old system, people could “contract out” of the Additional State Pension. “Contracting out” involved paying a lower rate of National Insurance contributions (or receiving a National Insurance rebate) and not accruing any Additional State Pension for that year.

Contracting out to pay lower National Insurance contributions

A decision to “contract out” could be taken by an occupational pension scheme (so all members of that scheme were automatically “contracted out”) or by the individual themselves (using a private pension).

If someone had been “contracted out” (and hence paying lower National Insurance contributions) under the old system, then this could potentially impact on their entitlement to pension benefits under the new system.

This is because, in effect, years when people paid lower National Insurance contributions when they were “contracted out” did not necessarily count as full qualifying years under the new system (there was a calculation to adjust entitlement for the impact of paying lower National Insurance).

For this reason, it is possible for people with more than 35 years of National Insurance contributions or credits to qualify for less than the full rate of the new State Pension if some of those years involved contributing at a lower rate because they were “contracted out”.

People in this situation can potentially need up to 44 years of National Insurance contributions or credits to be eligible for a new State Pension at the full rate.

Many Prospect and Bectu members were affected by this because they were in schemes that were “contracted out”; such as the civil service scheme (or any public service scheme), groups of the Electricity Supply Pension Scheme, the BT pension scheme, the BBC pension scheme etc.

However, due to the way the transitional rules operated when the new system was introduced, it is unlikely that people reaching State Pension Age in the future will be greatly impacted by reductions in entitlement due to contributing at a lower rate in the past.

If you check your State Pension forecast and see that you are entitled to less than the full rate of the new State Pension, then you can consider whether you might benefit from the option to pay voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contributions.

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Paying voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contributions

Is it worth making up a shortfall in your National Insurance contributions to receive a higher State Pension? How much will it cost and how can you calculate the benefit? This section examines the pros and cons of of making voluntary contributions.

What is a voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contribution

Most Prospect and Bectu members will have enough qualifying years, through National Insurance contributions and credits, to be eligible for the full rate of the new State Pension when they reach State Pension Age.

However, some members will not. Groups that might be more likely to qualify for less than the full rate are: people who spent a lot of their working lives abroad, people who were not in paid employment because of caring responsibilities (and did not qualify for credits), people (particularly freelancers) with irregular work / fluctuating earnings / multiple jobs at the same time.

If you have a non-qualifying year, you can consider whether to pay voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contributions to make it a qualifying year that counts towards State Pension entitlement.

It is important to note that you can only pay Class 3 contributions in respect of a year (or part of a year) that does not otherwise count towards a qualifying year. To be able to pay Class 3 contributions, you need to have a gap in your record where you did not pay National Insurance contributions or receive a credit.

You can normally pay Class 3 contributions in respect of the last 6 years (this time limit has been extended on occasions in the past when the state pension system changed including, for example, when the new State Pension system was introduced in April 2016).

An extended deadline to pay contributions as far back as the 2006/07 year passed on 5 April. Those who registered for a call back from the Department for Work and Pensions before the deadline will still be able to pay contributions for these years.

If all of the years within the 6 year (or any other relevant) time limit are already qualifying years, then there are no gaps that you can make up, and therefore no opportunity to pay backdated Class 3 contributions.

Before you decide whether to pay Class 3 contributions you need some information:

Do you have unfilled years in your National Insurance record?

Check your National Insurance record – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

This shows your full National insurance record, for each year since you were 16 it will say either “Full year” or “Year is not full”. If you have a year that is not full (within the relevant time limit), then you can investigate whether it is worth paying Class 3 contributions to convert it into a qualifying year.

How much State Pension are you currently forecast to receive?

Check your State Pension forecast – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

This shows how much State Pension you have already built up based on your record to date and a forecast of how much State Pension you would be likely to get if you worked up to State Pension Age.

If you are not currently on track to get a full State Pension, and if you have gaps in your record within the relevant time limit, you can potentially boost your entitlement by paying Class 3 contributions.

If you are already projected to get a full State Pension then paying Class 3 contributions for years you missed in the past will not boost your expected entitlement.

How to decide whether to pay Class 3 contributions

A sensible decision-making process, for considering whether to pay Class 3 contributions in respect of a non-qualifying year that you are eligible to make contributions for, could be:

  1. Can I afford to make these contributions?
  2. If the answer to (1) is yes – will making these contributions boost my State Pension?
  3. If the answer to (2) is yes – will the boost in State Pension be worth more than Class 3 contribution costs?

Click the links below to go through the above steps in more detail:

There are many calls on your money. If you need the cash for day-to-day expenses, or reducing an overdraft or other debt, then paying voluntary National Insurance contributions may not be a priority for you.

Using the information above, you can tell if you have any unfilled years within the relevant time limit for making voluntary contributions.

If you do, you should first check if you qualify for National Insurance credits for any of these years.

See: National Insurance credits: Overview – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

Your State Pension forecast can then tell you whether you are projected to be eligible for the full rate of the new State Pension.

If you are already projected to qualify for the full rate of the new State Pension anyway, then paying Class 3 contributions may not result in any additional benefit.

You may end up missing some years in the future but can buy those years at that point, if needed.

The current requirement for a full new State Pension is 35 qualifying years. It is possible that this could be changed in the future (for example, as State Pension Age increases), but in that event it is likely that the time limit for making voluntary contributions would be extended.

Many people will have worked for more than 35 years but still be projected to qualify for less than the full rate of the new State Pension. The most likely explanation for this is that they paid lower National Insurance contributions under the old State Pension system before April 2016.

Years paid at the lower rate of contributions did not convert one-for-one into the new system that was introduced in April 2016. Any members affected by this can potentially boost their State Pension by making voluntary contributions (if they have missing years in scope to contribute for).

The current (2023/24) rate of Class 3 contributions is £17.45 per week (£907.40 for the year).

This rate will apply for contributions in respect of the current year or any year prior to the two immediate past years.

The rates for 2022/23 (£15.85pw / £824.20pa) and 2021/22 (£15.40pw / £800.80pa) apply for contributions in respect of those years.

Changing a year from non-qualifying to qualifying, usually boosts State Pension entitlement by 1/35th of the rate of the State Pension (£5.82 per week or £302.86 per year).

(If your State Pension entitlement is already closer to the full rate than this the increase will be restricted so the overall amount is capped at the full rate.)

If you qualify for means-tested benefits in retirement (the Pension Credit) then boosting your State Pension may just reduce what you get from these benefits.

In some cases, paying Class 3 contributions for just one week can turn a year into a qualifying year. In these circumstances it should be clear that the boost in State Pension is expected to be worth more.

At the other end, it can take a whole year of Class 3 contributions for a year to become qualifying.

In these situations, the comparison of the cost to the benefits depends on how long you live to receive the extra State Pension for. The apparent payback period is just under 3 years (ie you would have to live to receive the State Pension for 3 years to benefit from the contributions).

However, the additional State Pension could be taxed, and this would make the payback period longer.

Nobody can tell the future with certainty but the life expectancy of all groups of members (who are not suffering from a life-limiting illness) is longer than these payback periods.

Are you sure? Checking the impact of paying additional contributions

If you have gone through the steps above and think that it is worth paying Class 3 contributions, you should contact the DWP to check what impact this will have.

If you are under State Pension Age contact:
Contact the Future Pension Centre – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

If you are over State Pension Age contact:
Contact the Pension Service – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

You may also want to consider what other opportunities you have to save for your retirement and how they compare.

How to pay Class 3 contributions

Details on how to pay Class 3 contributions to HMRC are available from:
Pay voluntary Class 3 National Insurance: Overview – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

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State Pension FAQs

Below we provide further answers to additional common questions about the state pension. 


If you lived or worked in another country, you might be eligible for that country’s State Pension. You will need to contact the pension service for that country for more information.

There can also be an impact on your UK State Pension entitlement. If you otherwise fall short of the minimum 10 qualifying years, you might be able to use time spent abroad to qualify for a State Pension.

The countries that can count towards eligibility are: members of the European Economic Area, Switzerland, Gibraltar and countries with a Social Security agreement with the UK.

Countries where we pay an annual increase in the State Pension – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk).

If you had 8 qualifying years and would not otherwise qualify for a State Pension, but had worked in a relevant country for 20 years and paid social security contributions there, then that would qualify you for a UK State Pension (based on 8 qualifying years, ie 8/35ths of the full rate).

Your State Pension entitlement is calculated in the same way wherever you live in the world and is payable in most countries in the world. It is paid into a bank in the country you live in or a UK bank or building society account that you have access to.

There can be a big difference in how your State Pension is increased over time depending on where you live.

The State Pension is only increased in countries that are members of the European Economic Area, Switzerland, Gibraltar and countries with a Social Security agreement with the UK.

Countries where we pay an annual increase in the State Pension – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk).

If you live in other countries (such as Australia, Canada, South Africa) then the State Pension will be frozen and lose its value over time.

Prospect has been campaigning to close the gender pension gap for many years. There is a difference in average State Pension entitlement between men and women and this is a component of the overall gender pension gap.

The difference in the average State Pension paid to male and female pensioners today is largely a function of historic rules (eg there was a time when there were no credits for people looking after young children and the old system was partly earnings-related which favoured men).

However, the new system that was introduced from April 2016 should eliminate the difference in entitlement more quickly with men and women expected to reach State Pension Age with the same average State Pension award by the early 2040s.

A parent or guardian registered for Child Benefit for a child under 12 will automatically get a credit towards State Pension entitlement. There are a couple of issues to be aware of.

Firstly, if your partner is registered for Child Benefit and does not need the credit, but you do, then you must apply to transfer the credit.

Apply for National Insurance credits if you’re a parent or carer – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk).

Secondly, if either partner has individual income over £50,000 the High Income Child Benefit Charge will apply. This can lead to people not claiming Child Benefit. However, failing to claim will result in the loss of the credit. It is important to claim and protect your entitlement if you need the credit (and remember, in the future it is possible that the requirement for a full State Pension might be increased from 35 years).

Yes. You may be entitled to receive National Insurance credits if you are a grandparent, or other family member, who cares for a child under 12, usually whilst their parent is working.

This works by transferring the credit attached to Child Benefit from the Child Benefit recipient to a qualifying family member who is providing care for a related child under 12.

In order for there to be a credit to transfer, the Child Benefit has to be claimed in the first place (even if it is not ultimately received due to the High Income Child Benefit Charge).

You can apply for the National Insurance credit to be transferred:

Application for Specified Adult Childcare credits (CA9176) – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk

Employees’ National Insurance contributions are calculated differently from their Income Tax. The difference is not significant for full-time workers but can have more of an impact for part-time workers with irregular working patterns and / or multiple jobs.

Your income tax liability is calculated on your total earnings from all sources over the whole of the tax year.

However National Insurance is calculated on a pay-period basis and separately for each job. This can have an impact on whether your earnings are enough to be considered a qualifying year or not.

If National Insurance was calculated the way income tax is, then whether a year is a qualifying year or not would simply depend on whether your total employed earnings exceeded the annual Lower Earnings Limit (LEL) which is £6,396.

But National Insurance operates on a pay period basis. This means that, for example, if you are paid monthly, you have to have earnings over the monthly LEL (£533 ) in each month for a qualifying year. If your earnings fluctuate and are over the annual LEL for the year, but sometimes under the monthly LEL in some months, that will not count.

National Insurance also operates separately for different jobs. This means that, for example, if you have two part-time jobs that are both paid monthly and earn £300 per month in each (ie £600 per month in total) then this will not count as a qualifying year because the monthly LEL was not exceeded in any single job.

If you are impacted by these issues, then you can consider whether it is worthwhile paying voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contributions.

Unfortunately it is not always possible to be sure that your State Pension has been calculated correctly. The DWP estimates that 6% of claims in the last year were underpaid.

It is important to try to have a sense-check on the level of State Pension you should receive. If you have been awarded less than the full rate of the new State Pension, is there an obvious explanation for this? Were there reasons for you to expect more than the full rate of the new State Pension, but you did not? If you have any doubts about the amount look into it further.

Women have more reason to check the amount of State Pension they are being paid. A litany of issues, particularly affecting widowed, divorced or older women with poor National Insurance records (because of caring responsibilities or from paying the special reduced National Insurance contribution rate for married women), have been uncovered in recent years.

In its 2022-23 annual report, the DWP estimated that it had underpaid 237,000 pensioners a total of £1.46 billion with more cases to be reviewed. Prospect has called on the government to provide adequate resources to rectify these underpayments as quickly as possible.

Yes, if you are not entitled to the full rate of the new State Pension and have little other occupational or personal pension income then you might be entitled to the Pension Credit.
Eligibility for Pension Credit is assessed on a joint basis with any partner (ie husband / wife / civil partner / someone you live with as a couple).
Pension Credit will top your income up to:

  • £201.05 if you are single
  • £306.85 (jointly) if you have a partner

You can still be eligible for Pension Credit if your income is above these levels in certain circumstances (e.g. if you have a disability or if you care for someone).

Savings and investments in excess of £10,000 will also be taken into account when assessing eligibility for Pension Credit.

Pension Credit may not be particularly valuable in itselt, but it can provide access to other valuable benefits such as help with housing costs, council tax, heating bills and free TV licences.

For this reason, it is very important to check whether you are eligible for Pension Credit. The latest data from DWP indicates that take-up is only 70%.

You can apply for Pension Credit online through this link:

Information you will need to apply online – Apply for Pension Credit (apply-for-pension-credit.service.gov.uk

There is no provision for the triple lock in legislation. The commitment to increase State Pension (the new State Pension and the Basic State Pension) by the highest of price inflation, average earnings growth or 2.5% is a political promise made ahead of a general election that only applies from one Parliament to the next (and even then, it was not honoured in every year of the current Parliament).

Whether the triple lock is retained in the future depends on whether political parties promise to apply if they form a government after the next general election. A motion passed at the last Biennial National Conference commits Prospect to lobbying for the continuation of the triple lock in the future.

The State Pension is very complicated and different elements can be increased by different rates. Only the Basic State Pension (for people who reached State Pension Age before April 2016) and the new State Pension (for people who reached State Pension Age since April 2016) are increased in line with the triple lock.

If these elements of the State Pension are increased in line with average earnings or 2.5%, this can be different to other elements of the State Pension (such as Additional Pension or increases for deferring State Pension) which will still only increase in line with price inflation.

People who reached State Pension Age before April 2016 may also get an additional increase related to their membership of a “contracted out” occupational pension scheme. So, it is possible for the increase that you receive to be the same as, more or less than the rate announced be government. You can ask for an explanation of the increase that has been applied if you are not sure how this was calculated.

There are three main ways that freelancers might be engaged, and they can impact State Pension increases differently:

  • as an employee on a short-term contract or a series of short-term contracts,
  • through a personal services company, or
  • on a self-employed basis.

If you are an employee on a short-term contract or a series of short-term contracts, then it is more likely that you might have gaps in your National Insurance record in a year, or have fluctuating earnings that are sometimes below the LEL for the pay period or have multiple jobs at the same time without earning over the relevant LEL in any of them. This can lead to a year not counting as a qualifying year towards the State Pension. You may want to consider whether any of these working patterns have impacted on you in this way and whether it could be worthwhile to pay voluntary (Class 3) National Insurance contributions to maintain your record.

If you are engaged through a personal services company, then you many want to ensure that your employed earnings are sufficient to count towards a qualifying year.

If you are self-employed, then your entitlement to State Pension is based on paying Class 2 National Insurance contributions ( £3.45 per week).

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